1
00:01:13,560 --> 00:01:18,160
THE WORLD'S BIGGEST MUSEUM
2
00:01:18,320 --> 00:01:20,960
Hello, we're in the first
arrondissement of Paris,
3
00:01:21,120 --> 00:01:25,200
in the exact spot where you could
once find the Tuileries Palace.
4
00:01:25,360 --> 00:01:29,920
It's May 1871 and the Communards
are planning to set fire
5
00:01:30,080 --> 00:01:32,320
to this symbol of government.
6
00:01:32,480 --> 00:01:34,680
Louis XIV lived
in the Tuileries Palace.
7
00:01:34,840 --> 00:01:38,080
Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette spent
their final years there.
\N
\N
8
00:01:38,240 --> 00:01:40,080
Napoleon I and Napoleon III...
\N
\N
9
00:01:40,240 --> 00:01:43,040
The Communards are killing off
a symbol.
\N
\N
10
00:01:43,200 --> 00:01:46,960
Today, we're going to tell you about
the history of this ruined palace,
11
00:01:47,120 --> 00:01:49,800
but mostly, about what remains now:
12
00:01:49,960 --> 00:01:53,320
the Tuileries Garden,
requested by Catherine de Medici
13
00:01:53,480 --> 00:01:55,760
and later, redesigned by Le Nôtre.
14
00:01:55,920 --> 00:02:00,080
The royal view which starts here
in the first arrondissement
15
00:02:00,240 --> 00:02:04,040
and ends much further,
near the Arche de la Défense.
16
00:02:04,200 --> 00:02:06,280
Tuileries Garden, here we go!
17
00:02:27,800 --> 00:02:29,520
It's a splendid garden.
18
00:02:29,680 --> 00:02:33,240
It's a splendid place
for people to meet
19
00:02:33,400 --> 00:02:36,360
and it's a lovely historic place
that's very well kept.
20
00:02:36,520 --> 00:02:39,720
It has an image that evokes lovers.
21
00:02:39,880 --> 00:02:42,840
When I came here, I was much younger
22
00:02:43,000 --> 00:02:46,360
and to me, it meant
freedom, lovers and pleasure.
23
00:02:46,520 --> 00:02:50,720
I'm happy out here in the nature.
24
00:02:50,880 --> 00:02:53,480
I'm amazed by
all this beautiful scenery.
25
00:02:53,640 --> 00:02:57,120
It's a calm and restful place
where you can meditate
26
00:02:57,280 --> 00:03:00,880
and read about the history
of the garden and the Louvre.
27
00:03:01,040 --> 00:03:02,400
That's what it is.
28
00:03:02,560 --> 00:03:06,360
Parks are often too packed with trees
29
00:03:06,520 --> 00:03:08,960
and here, it feels spacious.
30
00:03:09,120 --> 00:03:12,360
She likes parks without trees!
Concrete parks!
31
00:03:12,520 --> 00:03:15,760
No, there's no concrete here.
It's green, but you can see the sky.
32
00:03:15,920 --> 00:03:19,480
And what about the garden?
- The garden...
33
00:03:19,640 --> 00:03:25,200
The garden took a while to develop
but it's well preserved.
\N
\N
\N
34
00:03:25,840 --> 00:03:30,880
It's one of the local historic
heritage sites.
\N
\N
\N
35
00:03:45,240 --> 00:03:47,040
I'm here with Pierre Bonnaure.
36
00:03:47,200 --> 00:03:48,680
Hi, Pierre.
- Hi, Eric.
37
00:03:48,840 --> 00:03:51,480
You're the head gardener at Tuileries.
38
00:03:51,640 --> 00:03:55,040
How did the story
of this splendid place begin?
39
00:03:55,200 --> 00:03:59,360
We're in the 16th century,
outside the walls of Paris
40
00:03:59,520 --> 00:04:04,080
and Catherine de Medici is having
a house designed in the countryside,
41
00:04:04,240 --> 00:04:07,520
the Tuileries Palace,
by Philibert de l'Orme.
42
00:04:07,680 --> 00:04:12,080
It's strange that Catherine de Medici
did not have this place built
43
00:04:12,240 --> 00:04:14,800
in the first arrondissement.
44
00:04:14,960 --> 00:04:19,200
We're in the countryside.
- Paris ends at the Louvre,
45
00:04:19,360 --> 00:04:24,000
at the medieval fortress of the Louvre
which was still the Louvre Palace then.
46
00:04:24,160 --> 00:04:26,120
But we're in the middle of nature.
47
00:04:26,280 --> 00:04:29,120
You can see the Seine
and fields beyond the Left Bank.
48
00:04:29,280 --> 00:04:34,520
Here's the Louvre, the pyramid is there
and the Champs-Élysées is behind me.
49
00:04:34,680 --> 00:04:39,840
Where was the famous Tuileries Palace?
I just can't envisage it.
50
00:04:40,000 --> 00:04:43,000
Between the Pavillon de Marsan
and the Pavillon de Flore.
51
00:04:43,160 --> 00:04:46,360
Imagine a big crossbar
connecting one to the other,
52
00:04:46,520 --> 00:04:51,160
that totally closes off
the Louvre from the Tuileries.
53
00:04:58,360 --> 00:05:03,440
In the 17th century, under Louis XIV,
the garden reaches its full size
\N
\N
\N
54
00:05:03,600 --> 00:05:06,800
and is entirely redesigned
by André Le Nôtre.
\N
\N
\N
55
00:05:06,960 --> 00:05:11,920
At the same time, Le Nôtre also
marks out the future Champs-Élysées.
56
00:05:12,080 --> 00:05:14,320
So, Paris's great view.
57
00:05:14,480 --> 00:05:16,600
We're aligned
with the Champs-Elysée.
58
00:05:16,760 --> 00:05:19,080
We're at the origins
of the Champs-Élysées,
59
00:05:19,240 --> 00:05:22,160
the Tuileries Garden road,
created by Philibert de l'Orme
60
00:05:22,320 --> 00:05:24,640
for Catherine de Medici
in the 16th century,
61
00:05:24,800 --> 00:05:30,480
which was extended beyond the new walls
built at the end of the century,
62
00:05:30,640 --> 00:05:32,960
to give us
the current Champs-Élysées,
63
00:05:33,120 --> 00:05:37,360
designed by Le Nôtre in the 1660s.
64
00:05:38,400 --> 00:05:40,600
The Tuileries Palace
that has now gone,
65
00:05:40,760 --> 00:05:45,200
was the headquarters of the Directory,
the consulate, the empire.
66
00:05:45,360 --> 00:05:47,160
Including the Second Empire,
67
00:05:47,320 --> 00:05:52,240
which will be the peak of court life
in the Tuileries in the 17th century.
68
00:05:52,400 --> 00:05:57,720
Under Napoleon III, it's where all
the Second Empire parties take place.
69
00:05:57,880 --> 00:06:03,640
It's also a time when the sovereigns
claim a part of the Tuileries Garden
70
00:06:03,800 --> 00:06:05,320
and it changes again,
71
00:06:05,480 --> 00:06:09,480
because from the Revolution onwards,
the garden has a twofold role:
72
00:06:09,640 --> 00:06:12,560
as both a public garden
and a royal garden.
73
00:06:14,920 --> 00:06:17,640
And then comes the Commune.
- Yes, in May 1871.
74
00:06:17,800 --> 00:06:23,200
The palace burns down
and lies in ruins for 10 years.
75
00:06:23,360 --> 00:06:27,520
The Third Republic decides
to tear it down
76
00:06:27,680 --> 00:06:30,120
between 1882 and 1883.
77
00:06:31,160 --> 00:06:33,400
So, how about the Tuileries today?
78
00:06:33,560 --> 00:06:37,040
It's a contemporary garden.
The last stage in its history
79
00:06:37,200 --> 00:06:40,680
is the Grand Louvre operation
when François Mitterand was in power,
80
00:06:40,840 --> 00:06:43,240
the famous overhaul
for the Bicentenary.
81
00:06:43,400 --> 00:06:48,600
They decide to renovate the garden
in the late 1980's, early 1990's.
82
00:06:48,760 --> 00:06:51,040
This gives us
the garden that we have today.
83
00:06:51,200 --> 00:06:56,480
It's like a medieval parchment
that has been erased and rewritten.
84
00:06:56,640 --> 00:06:59,600
So, we have a whole series of layers
from every century,
85
00:06:59,760 --> 00:07:02,120
from the 16th to the 20th century,
86
00:07:02,280 --> 00:07:05,320
which makes it both a historical
and a contemporary garden,
87
00:07:05,480 --> 00:07:08,640
but, above all,
a public garden for Parisians to use.
88
00:07:08,800 --> 00:07:11,960
Thanks, Pierre.
Now it's a lot clearer to me.
89
00:07:29,240 --> 00:07:32,560
We have many specialties in France:
wine, cheese
90
00:07:32,720 --> 00:07:35,640
and revolutions, which
often took place at the Tuileries.
91
00:07:35,800 --> 00:07:40,160
So, the powers in place here
developed a kind of paranoia
92
00:07:40,320 --> 00:07:42,440
when it came to the people of Paris.
93
00:07:42,600 --> 00:07:44,600
Louis Philippe, King of the French,
94
00:07:44,760 --> 00:07:49,760
invented the "reserved" garden
within the Tuileries.
95
00:07:49,920 --> 00:07:53,240
He reserved himself
a private area near the Palace
96
00:07:53,400 --> 00:07:55,240
so that he wasn't bothered.
97
00:07:55,400 --> 00:07:58,840
Later on, Napoleon III had
this moat dug.
98
00:07:59,000 --> 00:08:04,320
With the moat and the gates,
the reserved garden was secure.
99
00:08:04,480 --> 00:08:08,560
Napoleon III's wife, Empress Eugénie,
still remembered
100
00:08:08,720 --> 00:08:11,240
what the Parisians had done
to Marie Antoinette.
101
00:08:11,400 --> 00:08:13,240
She was arrested here.
102
00:08:13,400 --> 00:08:16,960
She lived in constant fear
that they would arrest her too.
103
00:08:17,120 --> 00:08:23,440
Underneath this terrace,
a secret path was built
104
00:08:23,600 --> 00:08:26,600
which allowed Napoleon III
and Empress Eugénie
105
00:08:26,760 --> 00:08:29,920
to flee the palace
and meet up lower down
106
00:08:30,080 --> 00:08:33,160
on the Seine
where they could borrow a boat
107
00:08:33,320 --> 00:08:37,640
and, if needs be, flee from
the hostile capital on this vessel.
108
00:08:38,160 --> 00:08:39,080
How clever!
109
00:08:56,080 --> 00:09:01,920
I'm going to join
two of the 20 Tuileries gardeners,
110
00:09:02,080 --> 00:09:03,880
Camille and Michel.
111
00:09:04,040 --> 00:09:06,720
Hello, Michel.
Hello, Camille.
112
00:09:06,880 --> 00:09:09,960
This is fascinating.
What is it? A gauge?
113
00:09:10,120 --> 00:09:11,880
Exactly.
- I love it!
114
00:09:12,040 --> 00:09:14,360
It's the exact shape
of the round tree.
115
00:09:14,520 --> 00:09:16,680
Can you buy these gauges in shops?
116
00:09:16,840 --> 00:09:20,000
No, we made it ourselves
in 10 minutes, it doesn't take long.
117
00:09:20,160 --> 00:09:23,680
What kind of tree is it?
- Prunus lusitanica.
118
00:09:23,840 --> 00:09:24,720
Sorry?
119
00:09:24,880 --> 00:09:27,520
Sorry, it's a Portugal laurel tree.
120
00:09:27,680 --> 00:09:28,680
GARDENER
121
00:09:28,840 --> 00:09:31,160
How many are there?
- 20 or so.
122
00:09:31,320 --> 00:09:33,520
How often do you prune them?
- Once a year.
123
00:09:33,680 --> 00:09:35,040
Just once a year?
- Yes.
124
00:09:35,200 --> 00:09:36,680
They keep their shape.
125
00:09:36,840 --> 00:09:40,840
Is the Tuileries Garden difficult
to maintain?
126
00:09:41,000 --> 00:09:44,360
Because it's huge. You can jog here.
- It's 27 hectares.
127
00:09:44,520 --> 00:09:46,320
How many?
- 27 hectares.
128
00:09:46,480 --> 00:09:49,600
Wait, 27 hectares of garden?
- Yes.
129
00:09:50,600 --> 00:09:53,560
Oh yes, it's enormous.
130
00:09:53,720 --> 00:09:58,040
How many gardeners are you?
- 17 with...
131
00:09:58,200 --> 00:10:00,440
You told me almost 20.
- That's right.
132
00:10:00,600 --> 00:10:03,680
People have told me
that it's an open garden.
133
00:10:03,840 --> 00:10:06,840
It's not claustrophobic
and you can always see the sky.
134
00:10:07,000 --> 00:10:08,160
It's very open.
135
00:10:08,320 --> 00:10:11,400
This morning we were
having a laugh with some Canadians.
136
00:10:11,560 --> 00:10:13,280
What were they saying?
137
00:10:13,440 --> 00:10:16,400
They were quite surprised
by our pruning technique.
138
00:10:16,560 --> 00:10:19,040
They said:
"Ah, you French aren't stupid."
139
00:10:19,200 --> 00:10:20,120
GARDENER
140
00:10:20,280 --> 00:10:22,120
In their accent, it was funny.
141
00:10:33,720 --> 00:10:37,600
Do I go right in?
- No, follow the curve.
142
00:10:37,760 --> 00:10:40,840
I'm butchering this laurel tree.
- No, it's fine.
143
00:10:41,000 --> 00:10:42,720
Don't worry, they're tough.
144
00:10:42,880 --> 00:10:45,040
I'll definitely do that one.
145
00:10:46,240 --> 00:10:49,400
It's like when my barber cuts
the little hairs at the end.
146
00:10:49,560 --> 00:10:54,520
Just snip anything that spills over.
147
00:10:55,600 --> 00:10:58,240
Thanks a lot, Michel.
I'll give it back to you.
148
00:10:58,400 --> 00:11:02,640
If you ever need a hand,
give me a call and I'll be there.
149
00:11:02,800 --> 00:11:04,200
Tomorrow morning?
150
00:11:04,360 --> 00:11:07,480
It's quite strenuous.
- Yes.
151
00:11:07,640 --> 00:11:09,880
When you do the whole tree.
- It's good fun.
152
00:11:29,760 --> 00:11:33,080
I'm here with Geneviève Bresc.
- Hello.
153
00:11:33,240 --> 00:11:37,360
You're a curator at the Louvre
in charge of statues.
154
00:11:37,520 --> 00:11:39,720
Statues in the Louvre
and the Tuileries.
155
00:11:39,880 --> 00:11:42,280
Ah yes, the Tuileries
is the museum's garden.
156
00:11:42,440 --> 00:11:45,560
It's our garden. There were
two palaces: Tuileries and Louvre.
\N
\N
157
00:11:45,720 --> 00:11:49,440
Now the Tuileries Palace has gone
but the garden is still here.
\N
\N
158
00:11:49,600 --> 00:11:51,920
When you arrive
via the Place de la Concorde,
159
00:11:52,080 --> 00:11:54,880
there's that wonderful
equestrian statue, what is it?
160
00:11:55,040 --> 00:11:56,760
It's celebrating Louis XIV.
161
00:11:56,920 --> 00:12:02,160
Louis XIV, who was an absolute monarch,
master of his kingdom,
162
00:12:02,320 --> 00:12:05,520
wanted to create a group of statues
called La Renommée du Roi.
163
00:12:05,680 --> 00:12:09,160
The trumpet behind celebrates Louis XIV.
164
00:12:14,880 --> 00:12:17,040
We're just arriving at a new statue.
165
00:12:17,920 --> 00:12:22,840
That's an original
that was made in Rome under Louis XIV.
166
00:12:23,000 --> 00:12:28,000
It's the she-wolf who has just discovered
the twins Romulus and Remus,
167
00:12:28,160 --> 00:12:30,320
who symbolize the founding of Rome.
168
00:12:30,480 --> 00:12:34,960
In some ways, the King assumes
all the moral strength
169
00:12:35,120 --> 00:12:37,240
of a Roman emperor,
so the Tiber is there
170
00:12:37,400 --> 00:12:40,560
and a pharaoh and the Nile.
171
00:12:47,240 --> 00:12:54,200
What is the Tuileries Garden's
place in the history of France?
172
00:12:54,360 --> 00:12:57,920
Is it an anecdotal place
or has history had an impact on it?
173
00:12:58,080 --> 00:13:01,400
It's the place that most symbolizes
the history of France,
174
00:13:01,560 --> 00:13:05,760
because Catherine de Medici wants
to create an Italian garden
175
00:13:05,920 --> 00:13:09,960
and ends up in the middle of
the Wars of Religion, so it's dramatic.
176
00:13:10,120 --> 00:13:14,840
Henry IV plants mulberry trees
to show that France must produce silk.
177
00:13:15,000 --> 00:13:18,720
So, it's the idea of the French economy
giving birth to nature.
178
00:13:18,880 --> 00:13:23,080
It's Louis XIV's park, created by
Le Nôtre, which is open to the public.
179
00:13:23,240 --> 00:13:25,720
As Colbert wishes,
it's one of the first parks
180
00:13:25,880 --> 00:13:28,440
open to the public,
unlike Versailles.
181
00:13:28,600 --> 00:13:32,800
Revolution celebrations
are held here,
182
00:13:32,960 --> 00:13:36,800
school children and grey-haired oldies
will march here
183
00:13:36,960 --> 00:13:39,560
representing the elation
of the Revolution.
184
00:13:39,720 --> 00:13:43,120
It's the seizure of the Tuileries,
the fall of the monarchy.
185
00:13:43,280 --> 00:13:45,280
It's Napoleon I's garden
186
00:13:45,440 --> 00:13:47,800
and it's the main garden of
the 19th century.
187
00:13:47,960 --> 00:13:51,760
There are celebrations,
the Banquet of Mayors,
188
00:13:51,920 --> 00:13:55,200
large public monuments,
demonstrations.
189
00:13:55,360 --> 00:13:58,600
It's the liberation of Paris.
Our statues took bullets.
190
00:13:58,760 --> 00:14:02,280
Every era of French history
has left its mark on this place.
191
00:14:02,440 --> 00:14:05,680
Thank you, Geneviève.
I finally understand
192
00:14:05,840 --> 00:14:10,120
the political and historical force
of this significant garden.
193
00:14:10,280 --> 00:14:12,320
It's also a garden to be enjoyed.
194
00:14:12,480 --> 00:14:15,520
There are carousels and children,
not just history.
195
00:14:15,680 --> 00:14:17,280
There are even ducks here.
196
00:14:17,440 --> 00:14:19,720
Thank you, Geneviève.
- My pleasure.
197
00:14:36,360 --> 00:14:40,320
Long live Henry IV
Long live this valiant king
198
00:14:40,480 --> 00:14:43,480
This fourfold devil
With three talents
199
00:14:43,640 --> 00:14:47,840
Drinking and fighting
And womanizing...
200
00:14:53,040 --> 00:14:56,800
Welcome to the very official
Tuileries vegetable garden.
201
00:14:56,960 --> 00:15:01,880
It's very easy to find when you enter
from the Place de la Concorde side.
202
00:15:02,040 --> 00:15:04,600
The garden is just a little further,
on the right.
203
00:15:04,760 --> 00:15:07,840
The place is full of charm,
and, around ten years ago,
204
00:15:08,000 --> 00:15:10,760
was conceived
by contemporary artist Anne Rochette,
205
00:15:10,920 --> 00:15:15,400
who created the hedge
and certain contemporary works.
206
00:15:15,560 --> 00:15:20,680
But, this contemporary
vegetable garden brings to mind
207
00:15:20,840 --> 00:15:24,880
a little known episode
in the Tuileries Garden.
208
00:15:25,040 --> 00:15:29,160
Imagine that, over 60 years ago,
during World War II,
209
00:15:29,320 --> 00:15:34,720
all the flowers that could
usually be found here were removed
210
00:15:34,880 --> 00:15:39,240
and they were replaced
by fruit and vegetables.
211
00:15:39,400 --> 00:15:43,440
During this period of hardship,
the people of Paris came here
212
00:15:43,600 --> 00:15:49,000
to stock up on vegetables
from the Tuileries Garden.
213
00:15:49,160 --> 00:15:51,800
Few Parisians know this story.
214
00:15:51,960 --> 00:15:53,480
Let's keep going.
215
00:16:22,160 --> 00:16:27,280
I'm here with Emmanuel Breon,
manager of the Musée de l'Orangerie.
216
00:16:27,440 --> 00:16:31,400
We are, in fact,
in the Tuileries Palace orangery.
217
00:16:31,560 --> 00:16:35,480
The palace was destroyed under
the Commune, but not the orangery.
218
00:16:35,640 --> 00:16:40,040
No, the orangery,
built by Visconti, survived
\N
\N
219
00:16:40,200 --> 00:16:44,360
and it became an exhibition site
\N
\N
220
00:16:44,520 --> 00:16:48,240
until Clemenceau,
just after World War I,
221
00:16:48,400 --> 00:16:54,320
decides to dedicate this place
to some of his friend Monet's work.
222
00:16:54,480 --> 00:16:58,240
It's a story of a strong friendship
between two exemplary men.
223
00:16:58,400 --> 00:17:01,680
At the end of the War,
they meet at Giverny.
224
00:17:01,840 --> 00:17:07,520
Monet tells him that he wants
to give France a gift for peace,
225
00:17:07,680 --> 00:17:10,840
for the 8 million
that died in World War I.
226
00:17:11,000 --> 00:17:16,400
So, he wants to give his
two Water Lilies paintings to France.
227
00:17:16,560 --> 00:17:20,400
Unfortunately, he'll never see them
in their grand setting.
228
00:17:20,560 --> 00:17:23,680
as he dies 6 months before
the inauguration of the Water Lilies.
229
00:17:23,840 --> 00:17:29,240
Clemenceau is in tears when he unveils
his friend Monet's Water Lilies.
230
00:17:29,400 --> 00:17:33,640
The work arrives late on the scene,
as the impressionist is no longer hip,
231
00:17:33,800 --> 00:17:35,880
but people will soon discover it.
232
00:17:36,040 --> 00:17:40,600
After World War II,
the Americans bring it back in fashion.
233
00:17:40,760 --> 00:17:45,680
It's the ultimate piece,
pushing boundaries and timeless.
234
00:17:45,840 --> 00:17:48,960
The Water Lilies paintings have
a real cult following.
235
00:17:49,120 --> 00:17:51,960
Notably, the Asians
and especially, the Japanese,
236
00:17:52,120 --> 00:17:56,440
cannot conceive the idea of taking
a trip to Paris without coming here.
237
00:17:56,600 --> 00:17:59,440
Absolutely.
Asians make this maiden voyage.
238
00:17:59,600 --> 00:18:03,200
The Japanese cannot imagine their lives
without visiting Paris
239
00:18:03,360 --> 00:18:06,480
and especially, without visiting
the Orangerie to see Monet.
240
00:18:06,640 --> 00:18:09,160
It's a Zen work of art.
241
00:18:09,320 --> 00:18:13,560
In 1909, Monet was thinking
of creating this place
242
00:18:13,720 --> 00:18:17,280
where a troubled mind can rest,
a peaceful refuge.
243
00:18:17,440 --> 00:18:20,960
There's an entrance hall where
you can take a step back from the world
244
00:18:21,120 --> 00:18:23,360
before you enter
and see the Water Lilies.
245
00:18:23,520 --> 00:18:26,240
Is this oriental-style Monet?
- Totally.
246
00:18:26,400 --> 00:18:32,960
In Giverny,
on his yellow-painted kitchen walls,
247
00:18:33,120 --> 00:18:35,560
Monet had many Japanese etchings.
248
00:18:35,720 --> 00:18:38,440
So, indeed, the piece speaks
to the Japanese.
249
00:18:38,600 --> 00:18:42,840
Its weeping willows are
a tribute to 1914 infantrymen.
250
00:18:43,000 --> 00:18:46,800
Here we are perhaps in the most
reverential room.
251
00:18:46,960 --> 00:18:48,520
The first is the Gardens.
252
00:18:48,680 --> 00:18:54,640
This is a totally abstract work
of complete spirituality.
253
00:18:54,800 --> 00:18:59,800
Now I suggest that we go down
to the floor below here in the Orangerie
254
00:18:59,960 --> 00:19:02,600
to take a look at
the Walter-Guillaume collection.
255
00:19:02,760 --> 00:19:04,280
Come and take a look.
256
00:19:17,560 --> 00:19:23,080
André Malraux spoke
with Domenica Walter-Guillaume
257
00:19:23,240 --> 00:19:27,440
as she'd been married to this great
collector and dealer, Paul Guillaume,
258
00:19:27,600 --> 00:19:32,040
and, as a beneficiary
of quite a considerable collection
259
00:19:32,200 --> 00:19:33,800
of over 140 works of art,
260
00:19:33,960 --> 00:19:36,120
she sells it
to the French Government,
261
00:19:36,280 --> 00:19:38,800
insisting that the collection
mustn't get lost.
262
00:19:38,960 --> 00:19:40,800
MRS WALTER,
THE 60 BILLION DOLLAR WOMAN
263
00:19:40,960 --> 00:19:43,600
She accepted the proposition
that was made to her,
264
00:19:43,760 --> 00:19:48,360
to hang the collection
above Claude Monet's Water Lilies.
265
00:19:55,760 --> 00:20:02,200
Paul Guillaume will become fascinated
by African masks and statuettes
266
00:20:02,360 --> 00:20:07,440
and, just before World War I,
he'll soon go on to open a gallery
267
00:20:07,600 --> 00:20:11,160
where he'll display
and raise the profile of African art.
268
00:20:11,320 --> 00:20:15,840
Thanks to this African art,
the gallery will go on to attract
269
00:20:16,000 --> 00:20:18,720
even more art lovers
and collectors,
270
00:20:18,880 --> 00:20:22,320
and he'll be put in touch
with Picasso and Matisse,
271
00:20:22,480 --> 00:20:25,440
who'll go on to be among
the great innovators of African art
272
00:20:25,600 --> 00:20:28,040
and integrate his work
into their collection.
273
00:20:32,080 --> 00:20:36,360
Sometimes dealers
and artists swap things:
274
00:20:36,520 --> 00:20:38,880
A painting in exchange for a mask.
275
00:20:39,040 --> 00:20:42,000
This will gradually allow
Paul Guillaume
276
00:20:42,160 --> 00:20:47,800
to suggest
that his clients also find modern art,
277
00:20:47,960 --> 00:20:51,800
sculptures by Modigliani and Picasso
278
00:20:51,960 --> 00:20:55,280
and lots of paintings
and African art.
279
00:21:09,640 --> 00:21:13,720
Paul Guillaume and Domenica
will soon have reasonable incomes
280
00:21:13,880 --> 00:21:16,320
and be living in
the most elegant areas of Paris.
\N
\N
281
00:21:16,480 --> 00:21:18,000
NATIONAL MUSEUM SPEAKER
\N
\N
282
00:21:18,160 --> 00:21:21,360
They'll go on to have several
apartments that will often feature
\N
\N
283
00:21:21,520 --> 00:21:24,040
in reports, journals
and magazines of the time.
284
00:21:24,200 --> 00:21:26,960
Thanks to these photos,
we've been able to recreate
285
00:21:27,120 --> 00:21:30,520
how Paul Guillaume displayed
his collection.
286
00:21:40,600 --> 00:21:46,200
He won't hesitate to hang a Cézanne
next to a Picasso or a Modigliani,
287
00:21:46,360 --> 00:21:49,080
showing links
that transcend time
288
00:21:49,240 --> 00:21:55,680
between artists from different eras.
289
00:22:29,320 --> 00:22:33,200
Ladies and gents,
let me introduce you to Marc Gaillard.
290
00:22:33,360 --> 00:22:37,120
Marc is a journalist,
writer and Paris historian.
291
00:22:37,280 --> 00:22:40,480
We're going to discuss the great
moments of the Tuileries Garden.
292
00:22:40,640 --> 00:22:43,960
We'll start with a question:
Why is it called "Tuileries Garden"?
293
00:22:44,120 --> 00:22:48,840
Because for a long time,
tiles and bricks were made here.
294
00:22:49,000 --> 00:22:50,960
It was wasteland for a long time.
295
00:22:51,120 --> 00:22:52,520
We're outside Paris.
296
00:22:52,680 --> 00:22:55,760
We're within Charles V's walls.
There's nobody here but tile makers.
297
00:22:55,920 --> 00:23:00,360
A few dozen meters from here,
just after the French Revolution,
298
00:23:00,520 --> 00:23:04,280
a café called Café Very was opened.
299
00:23:04,440 --> 00:23:09,200
It was the hip place to be seen
after the Revolution.
300
00:23:09,360 --> 00:23:11,760
That's the right term.
It's the hip place.
301
00:23:11,920 --> 00:23:16,760
Café Very is patronized
by intellectuals, poets, writers
302
00:23:16,920 --> 00:23:20,200
and swells known as
"Incredibles" and "Fabulous Divas."
\N
\N
\N
303
00:23:20,360 --> 00:23:21,320
HISTORIAN
304
00:23:21,480 --> 00:23:24,360
Were they punks or dandies?
Who are they?
305
00:23:24,520 --> 00:23:30,040
They're a small minority of
elegant, rich and extravagant people,
306
00:23:30,200 --> 00:23:33,640
who dress incredibly,
wearing shoes from the Middle Ages,
307
00:23:33,800 --> 00:23:38,720
hats from another era, suits inspired
by Louis XV's army, etc.
308
00:23:38,880 --> 00:23:41,800
Genuine fancy dress for the men.
309
00:23:41,960 --> 00:23:45,200
The women play around
with flowing styles,
310
00:23:45,360 --> 00:23:48,840
wearing transparent silk,
if you please.
311
00:23:49,000 --> 00:23:52,720
We don't know the cost,
but they have extraordinary hats.
312
00:23:52,880 --> 00:23:57,320
I heard that the Incredibles refused
to pronounce the letter "r"
313
00:23:57,480 --> 00:24:00,840
as it stood for "Revolution."
So, they were the "Incedibles."
314
00:24:01,000 --> 00:24:07,280
It was the first letter
of "Revolution" and it hurt to say it.
315
00:24:07,440 --> 00:24:10,480
It's hard to pronounce.
316
00:24:10,640 --> 00:24:13,560
Who came to this famous
Café Very in the Tuileries?
317
00:24:13,720 --> 00:24:17,080
Intellectuals of the time,
artists, writers.
318
00:24:17,240 --> 00:24:19,560
Stendhal?
- Yes, and theater folk.
319
00:24:19,720 --> 00:24:23,760
You'd have to visit
the whole of the romantic world
320
00:24:23,920 --> 00:24:26,400
to find someone who didn't come here.
321
00:24:26,560 --> 00:24:30,760
The Second Empire will turn
the Tuileries Palace and Garden
322
00:24:30,920 --> 00:24:34,320
into a place of authority
and celebration.
323
00:24:34,480 --> 00:24:38,840
Yes, it's the first time that
the authorities have resided here.
324
00:24:39,000 --> 00:24:41,640
Since Louis XIV,
the Tuileries has been forgotten.
325
00:24:41,800 --> 00:24:44,480
When Louis Napoléon becomes
Napoléon III,
326
00:24:44,640 --> 00:24:47,640
he leaves the Elysée
and he'll go on to invade the Palace,
327
00:24:47,800 --> 00:24:50,800
which will go on to become
an incredible scene of celebration
328
00:24:50,960 --> 00:24:56,200
and then comes the May 1871 disaster,
329
00:24:56,360 --> 00:24:59,640
when the Commune will set fire
to Paris.
330
00:24:59,800 --> 00:25:02,640
The Commune will burn down
225 buildings.
331
00:25:02,800 --> 00:25:04,200
225 buildings?
- Yes.
332
00:25:04,360 --> 00:25:07,560
Almost all the public buildings.
All the town halls, ministries,
333
00:25:07,720 --> 00:25:09,600
including the Tuileries Palace.
334
00:25:09,760 --> 00:25:13,240
The 1900 Paris Exposition
is a success
335
00:25:13,400 --> 00:25:16,640
and the Tuileries will take part in it,
336
00:25:16,800 --> 00:25:21,040
notably with the incredible
Banquet of the Mayors.
337
00:25:21,200 --> 00:25:24,000
It took place at the end
of the Exposition in September.
338
00:25:24,160 --> 00:25:28,880
The Government decides to do something
that people will remember
339
00:25:29,040 --> 00:25:34,080
in inviting all of the French mayors
to Paris and the Tuileries.
340
00:25:34,240 --> 00:25:36,680
All 50,000 of them don't make it.
341
00:25:36,840 --> 00:25:39,920
Even so, something like
23,000 of them attend.
342
00:25:40,080 --> 00:25:43,880
They're offered
a gigantic buffet in marquees.
343
00:25:44,040 --> 00:25:50,600
The Burgundy mayors protested
because Bordeaux was being served.
344
00:25:50,760 --> 00:25:55,120
There were so many bottles that
you wondered what they weren't serving.
345
00:25:55,280 --> 00:25:59,600
Thank you for setting the scene
of the great milestones of history.
346
00:25:59,760 --> 00:26:02,400
Just a few milestones.
- Thanks.
347
00:26:14,960 --> 00:26:19,400
Now you know that the Tuileries
is part of French history.
348
00:26:19,560 --> 00:26:23,400
The complainers and moaners among you
could still lament
349
00:26:23,560 --> 00:26:26,800
that this Palace has been gone
for around 140 years,
350
00:26:26,960 --> 00:26:33,200
but, for some years, a society has been
trying to make the authorities aware
351
00:26:33,360 --> 00:26:36,960
of the reconstruction
of the Tuileries Palace.
352
00:26:37,120 --> 00:26:42,680
This proves how much the Tuileries
is part of our history
353
00:26:42,840 --> 00:26:47,080
and how ingrained it is
in the French imagination.
354
00:26:47,240 --> 00:26:48,440
Have a good week.
355
00:26:48,600 --> 00:26:54,240
You can find us on our website,
www.france3.fr.
\N
\N
356
00:26:54,400 --> 00:26:55,320
Goodbye.
357
00:27:12,920 --> 00:27:15,920
Subtitles:
Babel Subtitling - babelSUB.be