1 00:01:13,560 --> 00:01:18,160 THE WORLD'S BIGGEST MUSEUM 2 00:01:18,320 --> 00:01:20,960 Hello, we're in the first arrondissement of Paris, 3 00:01:21,120 --> 00:01:25,200 in the exact spot where you could once find the Tuileries Palace. 4 00:01:25,360 --> 00:01:29,920 It's May 1871 and the Communards are planning to set fire 5 00:01:30,080 --> 00:01:32,320 to this symbol of government. 6 00:01:32,480 --> 00:01:34,680 Louis XIV lived in the Tuileries Palace. 7 00:01:34,840 --> 00:01:38,080 Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette spent their final years there. \N \N 8 00:01:38,240 --> 00:01:40,080 Napoleon I and Napoleon III... \N \N 9 00:01:40,240 --> 00:01:43,040 The Communards are killing off a symbol. \N \N 10 00:01:43,200 --> 00:01:46,960 Today, we're going to tell you about the history of this ruined palace, 11 00:01:47,120 --> 00:01:49,800 but mostly, about what remains now: 12 00:01:49,960 --> 00:01:53,320 the Tuileries Garden, requested by Catherine de Medici 13 00:01:53,480 --> 00:01:55,760 and later, redesigned by Le Nôtre. 14 00:01:55,920 --> 00:02:00,080 The royal view which starts here in the first arrondissement 15 00:02:00,240 --> 00:02:04,040 and ends much further, near the Arche de la Défense. 16 00:02:04,200 --> 00:02:06,280 Tuileries Garden, here we go! 17 00:02:27,800 --> 00:02:29,520 It's a splendid garden. 18 00:02:29,680 --> 00:02:33,240 It's a splendid place for people to meet 19 00:02:33,400 --> 00:02:36,360 and it's a lovely historic place that's very well kept. 20 00:02:36,520 --> 00:02:39,720 It has an image that evokes lovers. 21 00:02:39,880 --> 00:02:42,840 When I came here, I was much younger 22 00:02:43,000 --> 00:02:46,360 and to me, it meant freedom, lovers and pleasure. 23 00:02:46,520 --> 00:02:50,720 I'm happy out here in the nature. 24 00:02:50,880 --> 00:02:53,480 I'm amazed by all this beautiful scenery. 25 00:02:53,640 --> 00:02:57,120 It's a calm and restful place where you can meditate 26 00:02:57,280 --> 00:03:00,880 and read about the history of the garden and the Louvre. 27 00:03:01,040 --> 00:03:02,400 That's what it is. 28 00:03:02,560 --> 00:03:06,360 Parks are often too packed with trees 29 00:03:06,520 --> 00:03:08,960 and here, it feels spacious. 30 00:03:09,120 --> 00:03:12,360 She likes parks without trees! Concrete parks! 31 00:03:12,520 --> 00:03:15,760 No, there's no concrete here. It's green, but you can see the sky. 32 00:03:15,920 --> 00:03:19,480 And what about the garden? - The garden... 33 00:03:19,640 --> 00:03:25,200 The garden took a while to develop but it's well preserved. \N \N \N 34 00:03:25,840 --> 00:03:30,880 It's one of the local historic heritage sites. \N \N \N 35 00:03:45,240 --> 00:03:47,040 I'm here with Pierre Bonnaure. 36 00:03:47,200 --> 00:03:48,680 Hi, Pierre. - Hi, Eric. 37 00:03:48,840 --> 00:03:51,480 You're the head gardener at Tuileries. 38 00:03:51,640 --> 00:03:55,040 How did the story of this splendid place begin? 39 00:03:55,200 --> 00:03:59,360 We're in the 16th century, outside the walls of Paris 40 00:03:59,520 --> 00:04:04,080 and Catherine de Medici is having a house designed in the countryside, 41 00:04:04,240 --> 00:04:07,520 the Tuileries Palace, by Philibert de l'Orme. 42 00:04:07,680 --> 00:04:12,080 It's strange that Catherine de Medici did not have this place built 43 00:04:12,240 --> 00:04:14,800 in the first arrondissement. 44 00:04:14,960 --> 00:04:19,200 We're in the countryside. - Paris ends at the Louvre, 45 00:04:19,360 --> 00:04:24,000 at the medieval fortress of the Louvre which was still the Louvre Palace then. 46 00:04:24,160 --> 00:04:26,120 But we're in the middle of nature. 47 00:04:26,280 --> 00:04:29,120 You can see the Seine and fields beyond the Left Bank. 48 00:04:29,280 --> 00:04:34,520 Here's the Louvre, the pyramid is there and the Champs-Élysées is behind me. 49 00:04:34,680 --> 00:04:39,840 Where was the famous Tuileries Palace? I just can't envisage it. 50 00:04:40,000 --> 00:04:43,000 Between the Pavillon de Marsan and the Pavillon de Flore. 51 00:04:43,160 --> 00:04:46,360 Imagine a big crossbar connecting one to the other, 52 00:04:46,520 --> 00:04:51,160 that totally closes off the Louvre from the Tuileries. 53 00:04:58,360 --> 00:05:03,440 In the 17th century, under Louis XIV, the garden reaches its full size \N \N \N 54 00:05:03,600 --> 00:05:06,800 and is entirely redesigned by André Le Nôtre. \N \N \N 55 00:05:06,960 --> 00:05:11,920 At the same time, Le Nôtre also marks out the future Champs-Élysées. 56 00:05:12,080 --> 00:05:14,320 So, Paris's great view. 57 00:05:14,480 --> 00:05:16,600 We're aligned with the Champs-Elysée. 58 00:05:16,760 --> 00:05:19,080 We're at the origins of the Champs-Élysées, 59 00:05:19,240 --> 00:05:22,160 the Tuileries Garden road, created by Philibert de l'Orme 60 00:05:22,320 --> 00:05:24,640 for Catherine de Medici in the 16th century, 61 00:05:24,800 --> 00:05:30,480 which was extended beyond the new walls built at the end of the century, 62 00:05:30,640 --> 00:05:32,960 to give us the current Champs-Élysées, 63 00:05:33,120 --> 00:05:37,360 designed by Le Nôtre in the 1660s. 64 00:05:38,400 --> 00:05:40,600 The Tuileries Palace that has now gone, 65 00:05:40,760 --> 00:05:45,200 was the headquarters of the Directory, the consulate, the empire. 66 00:05:45,360 --> 00:05:47,160 Including the Second Empire, 67 00:05:47,320 --> 00:05:52,240 which will be the peak of court life in the Tuileries in the 17th century. 68 00:05:52,400 --> 00:05:57,720 Under Napoleon III, it's where all the Second Empire parties take place. 69 00:05:57,880 --> 00:06:03,640 It's also a time when the sovereigns claim a part of the Tuileries Garden 70 00:06:03,800 --> 00:06:05,320 and it changes again, 71 00:06:05,480 --> 00:06:09,480 because from the Revolution onwards, the garden has a twofold role: 72 00:06:09,640 --> 00:06:12,560 as both a public garden and a royal garden. 73 00:06:14,920 --> 00:06:17,640 And then comes the Commune. - Yes, in May 1871. 74 00:06:17,800 --> 00:06:23,200 The palace burns down and lies in ruins for 10 years. 75 00:06:23,360 --> 00:06:27,520 The Third Republic decides to tear it down 76 00:06:27,680 --> 00:06:30,120 between 1882 and 1883. 77 00:06:31,160 --> 00:06:33,400 So, how about the Tuileries today? 78 00:06:33,560 --> 00:06:37,040 It's a contemporary garden. The last stage in its history 79 00:06:37,200 --> 00:06:40,680 is the Grand Louvre operation when François Mitterand was in power, 80 00:06:40,840 --> 00:06:43,240 the famous overhaul for the Bicentenary. 81 00:06:43,400 --> 00:06:48,600 They decide to renovate the garden in the late 1980's, early 1990's. 82 00:06:48,760 --> 00:06:51,040 This gives us the garden that we have today. 83 00:06:51,200 --> 00:06:56,480 It's like a medieval parchment that has been erased and rewritten. 84 00:06:56,640 --> 00:06:59,600 So, we have a whole series of layers from every century, 85 00:06:59,760 --> 00:07:02,120 from the 16th to the 20th century, 86 00:07:02,280 --> 00:07:05,320 which makes it both a historical and a contemporary garden, 87 00:07:05,480 --> 00:07:08,640 but, above all, a public garden for Parisians to use. 88 00:07:08,800 --> 00:07:11,960 Thanks, Pierre. Now it's a lot clearer to me. 89 00:07:29,240 --> 00:07:32,560 We have many specialties in France: wine, cheese 90 00:07:32,720 --> 00:07:35,640 and revolutions, which often took place at the Tuileries. 91 00:07:35,800 --> 00:07:40,160 So, the powers in place here developed a kind of paranoia 92 00:07:40,320 --> 00:07:42,440 when it came to the people of Paris. 93 00:07:42,600 --> 00:07:44,600 Louis Philippe, King of the French, 94 00:07:44,760 --> 00:07:49,760 invented the "reserved" garden within the Tuileries. 95 00:07:49,920 --> 00:07:53,240 He reserved himself a private area near the Palace 96 00:07:53,400 --> 00:07:55,240 so that he wasn't bothered. 97 00:07:55,400 --> 00:07:58,840 Later on, Napoleon III had this moat dug. 98 00:07:59,000 --> 00:08:04,320 With the moat and the gates, the reserved garden was secure. 99 00:08:04,480 --> 00:08:08,560 Napoleon III's wife, Empress Eugénie, still remembered 100 00:08:08,720 --> 00:08:11,240 what the Parisians had done to Marie Antoinette. 101 00:08:11,400 --> 00:08:13,240 She was arrested here. 102 00:08:13,400 --> 00:08:16,960 She lived in constant fear that they would arrest her too. 103 00:08:17,120 --> 00:08:23,440 Underneath this terrace, a secret path was built 104 00:08:23,600 --> 00:08:26,600 which allowed Napoleon III and Empress Eugénie 105 00:08:26,760 --> 00:08:29,920 to flee the palace and meet up lower down 106 00:08:30,080 --> 00:08:33,160 on the Seine where they could borrow a boat 107 00:08:33,320 --> 00:08:37,640 and, if needs be, flee from the hostile capital on this vessel. 108 00:08:38,160 --> 00:08:39,080 How clever! 109 00:08:56,080 --> 00:09:01,920 I'm going to join two of the 20 Tuileries gardeners, 110 00:09:02,080 --> 00:09:03,880 Camille and Michel. 111 00:09:04,040 --> 00:09:06,720 Hello, Michel. Hello, Camille. 112 00:09:06,880 --> 00:09:09,960 This is fascinating. What is it? A gauge? 113 00:09:10,120 --> 00:09:11,880 Exactly. - I love it! 114 00:09:12,040 --> 00:09:14,360 It's the exact shape of the round tree. 115 00:09:14,520 --> 00:09:16,680 Can you buy these gauges in shops? 116 00:09:16,840 --> 00:09:20,000 No, we made it ourselves in 10 minutes, it doesn't take long. 117 00:09:20,160 --> 00:09:23,680 What kind of tree is it? - Prunus lusitanica. 118 00:09:23,840 --> 00:09:24,720 Sorry? 119 00:09:24,880 --> 00:09:27,520 Sorry, it's a Portugal laurel tree. 120 00:09:27,680 --> 00:09:28,680 GARDENER 121 00:09:28,840 --> 00:09:31,160 How many are there? - 20 or so. 122 00:09:31,320 --> 00:09:33,520 How often do you prune them? - Once a year. 123 00:09:33,680 --> 00:09:35,040 Just once a year? - Yes. 124 00:09:35,200 --> 00:09:36,680 They keep their shape. 125 00:09:36,840 --> 00:09:40,840 Is the Tuileries Garden difficult to maintain? 126 00:09:41,000 --> 00:09:44,360 Because it's huge. You can jog here. - It's 27 hectares. 127 00:09:44,520 --> 00:09:46,320 How many? - 27 hectares. 128 00:09:46,480 --> 00:09:49,600 Wait, 27 hectares of garden? - Yes. 129 00:09:50,600 --> 00:09:53,560 Oh yes, it's enormous. 130 00:09:53,720 --> 00:09:58,040 How many gardeners are you? - 17 with... 131 00:09:58,200 --> 00:10:00,440 You told me almost 20. - That's right. 132 00:10:00,600 --> 00:10:03,680 People have told me that it's an open garden. 133 00:10:03,840 --> 00:10:06,840 It's not claustrophobic and you can always see the sky. 134 00:10:07,000 --> 00:10:08,160 It's very open. 135 00:10:08,320 --> 00:10:11,400 This morning we were having a laugh with some Canadians. 136 00:10:11,560 --> 00:10:13,280 What were they saying? 137 00:10:13,440 --> 00:10:16,400 They were quite surprised by our pruning technique. 138 00:10:16,560 --> 00:10:19,040 They said: "Ah, you French aren't stupid." 139 00:10:19,200 --> 00:10:20,120 GARDENER 140 00:10:20,280 --> 00:10:22,120 In their accent, it was funny. 141 00:10:33,720 --> 00:10:37,600 Do I go right in? - No, follow the curve. 142 00:10:37,760 --> 00:10:40,840 I'm butchering this laurel tree. - No, it's fine. 143 00:10:41,000 --> 00:10:42,720 Don't worry, they're tough. 144 00:10:42,880 --> 00:10:45,040 I'll definitely do that one. 145 00:10:46,240 --> 00:10:49,400 It's like when my barber cuts the little hairs at the end. 146 00:10:49,560 --> 00:10:54,520 Just snip anything that spills over. 147 00:10:55,600 --> 00:10:58,240 Thanks a lot, Michel. I'll give it back to you. 148 00:10:58,400 --> 00:11:02,640 If you ever need a hand, give me a call and I'll be there. 149 00:11:02,800 --> 00:11:04,200 Tomorrow morning? 150 00:11:04,360 --> 00:11:07,480 It's quite strenuous. - Yes. 151 00:11:07,640 --> 00:11:09,880 When you do the whole tree. - It's good fun. 152 00:11:29,760 --> 00:11:33,080 I'm here with Geneviève Bresc. - Hello. 153 00:11:33,240 --> 00:11:37,360 You're a curator at the Louvre in charge of statues. 154 00:11:37,520 --> 00:11:39,720 Statues in the Louvre and the Tuileries. 155 00:11:39,880 --> 00:11:42,280 Ah yes, the Tuileries is the museum's garden. 156 00:11:42,440 --> 00:11:45,560 It's our garden. There were two palaces: Tuileries and Louvre. \N \N 157 00:11:45,720 --> 00:11:49,440 Now the Tuileries Palace has gone but the garden is still here. \N \N 158 00:11:49,600 --> 00:11:51,920 When you arrive via the Place de la Concorde, 159 00:11:52,080 --> 00:11:54,880 there's that wonderful equestrian statue, what is it? 160 00:11:55,040 --> 00:11:56,760 It's celebrating Louis XIV. 161 00:11:56,920 --> 00:12:02,160 Louis XIV, who was an absolute monarch, master of his kingdom, 162 00:12:02,320 --> 00:12:05,520 wanted to create a group of statues called La Renommée du Roi. 163 00:12:05,680 --> 00:12:09,160 The trumpet behind celebrates Louis XIV. 164 00:12:14,880 --> 00:12:17,040 We're just arriving at a new statue. 165 00:12:17,920 --> 00:12:22,840 That's an original that was made in Rome under Louis XIV. 166 00:12:23,000 --> 00:12:28,000 It's the she-wolf who has just discovered the twins Romulus and Remus, 167 00:12:28,160 --> 00:12:30,320 who symbolize the founding of Rome. 168 00:12:30,480 --> 00:12:34,960 In some ways, the King assumes all the moral strength 169 00:12:35,120 --> 00:12:37,240 of a Roman emperor, so the Tiber is there 170 00:12:37,400 --> 00:12:40,560 and a pharaoh and the Nile. 171 00:12:47,240 --> 00:12:54,200 What is the Tuileries Garden's place in the history of France? 172 00:12:54,360 --> 00:12:57,920 Is it an anecdotal place or has history had an impact on it? 173 00:12:58,080 --> 00:13:01,400 It's the place that most symbolizes the history of France, 174 00:13:01,560 --> 00:13:05,760 because Catherine de Medici wants to create an Italian garden 175 00:13:05,920 --> 00:13:09,960 and ends up in the middle of the Wars of Religion, so it's dramatic. 176 00:13:10,120 --> 00:13:14,840 Henry IV plants mulberry trees to show that France must produce silk. 177 00:13:15,000 --> 00:13:18,720 So, it's the idea of the French economy giving birth to nature. 178 00:13:18,880 --> 00:13:23,080 It's Louis XIV's park, created by Le Nôtre, which is open to the public. 179 00:13:23,240 --> 00:13:25,720 As Colbert wishes, it's one of the first parks 180 00:13:25,880 --> 00:13:28,440 open to the public, unlike Versailles. 181 00:13:28,600 --> 00:13:32,800 Revolution celebrations are held here, 182 00:13:32,960 --> 00:13:36,800 school children and grey-haired oldies will march here 183 00:13:36,960 --> 00:13:39,560 representing the elation of the Revolution. 184 00:13:39,720 --> 00:13:43,120 It's the seizure of the Tuileries, the fall of the monarchy. 185 00:13:43,280 --> 00:13:45,280 It's Napoleon I's garden 186 00:13:45,440 --> 00:13:47,800 and it's the main garden of the 19th century. 187 00:13:47,960 --> 00:13:51,760 There are celebrations, the Banquet of Mayors, 188 00:13:51,920 --> 00:13:55,200 large public monuments, demonstrations. 189 00:13:55,360 --> 00:13:58,600 It's the liberation of Paris. Our statues took bullets. 190 00:13:58,760 --> 00:14:02,280 Every era of French history has left its mark on this place. 191 00:14:02,440 --> 00:14:05,680 Thank you, Geneviève. I finally understand 192 00:14:05,840 --> 00:14:10,120 the political and historical force of this significant garden. 193 00:14:10,280 --> 00:14:12,320 It's also a garden to be enjoyed. 194 00:14:12,480 --> 00:14:15,520 There are carousels and children, not just history. 195 00:14:15,680 --> 00:14:17,280 There are even ducks here. 196 00:14:17,440 --> 00:14:19,720 Thank you, Geneviève. - My pleasure. 197 00:14:36,360 --> 00:14:40,320 Long live Henry IV Long live this valiant king 198 00:14:40,480 --> 00:14:43,480 This fourfold devil With three talents 199 00:14:43,640 --> 00:14:47,840 Drinking and fighting And womanizing... 200 00:14:53,040 --> 00:14:56,800 Welcome to the very official Tuileries vegetable garden. 201 00:14:56,960 --> 00:15:01,880 It's very easy to find when you enter from the Place de la Concorde side. 202 00:15:02,040 --> 00:15:04,600 The garden is just a little further, on the right. 203 00:15:04,760 --> 00:15:07,840 The place is full of charm, and, around ten years ago, 204 00:15:08,000 --> 00:15:10,760 was conceived by contemporary artist Anne Rochette, 205 00:15:10,920 --> 00:15:15,400 who created the hedge and certain contemporary works. 206 00:15:15,560 --> 00:15:20,680 But, this contemporary vegetable garden brings to mind 207 00:15:20,840 --> 00:15:24,880 a little known episode in the Tuileries Garden. 208 00:15:25,040 --> 00:15:29,160 Imagine that, over 60 years ago, during World War II, 209 00:15:29,320 --> 00:15:34,720 all the flowers that could usually be found here were removed 210 00:15:34,880 --> 00:15:39,240 and they were replaced by fruit and vegetables. 211 00:15:39,400 --> 00:15:43,440 During this period of hardship, the people of Paris came here 212 00:15:43,600 --> 00:15:49,000 to stock up on vegetables from the Tuileries Garden. 213 00:15:49,160 --> 00:15:51,800 Few Parisians know this story. 214 00:15:51,960 --> 00:15:53,480 Let's keep going. 215 00:16:22,160 --> 00:16:27,280 I'm here with Emmanuel Breon, manager of the Musée de l'Orangerie. 216 00:16:27,440 --> 00:16:31,400 We are, in fact, in the Tuileries Palace orangery. 217 00:16:31,560 --> 00:16:35,480 The palace was destroyed under the Commune, but not the orangery. 218 00:16:35,640 --> 00:16:40,040 No, the orangery, built by Visconti, survived \N \N 219 00:16:40,200 --> 00:16:44,360 and it became an exhibition site \N \N 220 00:16:44,520 --> 00:16:48,240 until Clemenceau, just after World War I, 221 00:16:48,400 --> 00:16:54,320 decides to dedicate this place to some of his friend Monet's work. 222 00:16:54,480 --> 00:16:58,240 It's a story of a strong friendship between two exemplary men. 223 00:16:58,400 --> 00:17:01,680 At the end of the War, they meet at Giverny. 224 00:17:01,840 --> 00:17:07,520 Monet tells him that he wants to give France a gift for peace, 225 00:17:07,680 --> 00:17:10,840 for the 8 million that died in World War I. 226 00:17:11,000 --> 00:17:16,400 So, he wants to give his two Water Lilies paintings to France. 227 00:17:16,560 --> 00:17:20,400 Unfortunately, he'll never see them in their grand setting. 228 00:17:20,560 --> 00:17:23,680 as he dies 6 months before the inauguration of the Water Lilies. 229 00:17:23,840 --> 00:17:29,240 Clemenceau is in tears when he unveils his friend Monet's Water Lilies. 230 00:17:29,400 --> 00:17:33,640 The work arrives late on the scene, as the impressionist is no longer hip, 231 00:17:33,800 --> 00:17:35,880 but people will soon discover it. 232 00:17:36,040 --> 00:17:40,600 After World War II, the Americans bring it back in fashion. 233 00:17:40,760 --> 00:17:45,680 It's the ultimate piece, pushing boundaries and timeless. 234 00:17:45,840 --> 00:17:48,960 The Water Lilies paintings have a real cult following. 235 00:17:49,120 --> 00:17:51,960 Notably, the Asians and especially, the Japanese, 236 00:17:52,120 --> 00:17:56,440 cannot conceive the idea of taking a trip to Paris without coming here. 237 00:17:56,600 --> 00:17:59,440 Absolutely. Asians make this maiden voyage. 238 00:17:59,600 --> 00:18:03,200 The Japanese cannot imagine their lives without visiting Paris 239 00:18:03,360 --> 00:18:06,480 and especially, without visiting the Orangerie to see Monet. 240 00:18:06,640 --> 00:18:09,160 It's a Zen work of art. 241 00:18:09,320 --> 00:18:13,560 In 1909, Monet was thinking of creating this place 242 00:18:13,720 --> 00:18:17,280 where a troubled mind can rest, a peaceful refuge. 243 00:18:17,440 --> 00:18:20,960 There's an entrance hall where you can take a step back from the world 244 00:18:21,120 --> 00:18:23,360 before you enter and see the Water Lilies. 245 00:18:23,520 --> 00:18:26,240 Is this oriental-style Monet? - Totally. 246 00:18:26,400 --> 00:18:32,960 In Giverny, on his yellow-painted kitchen walls, 247 00:18:33,120 --> 00:18:35,560 Monet had many Japanese etchings. 248 00:18:35,720 --> 00:18:38,440 So, indeed, the piece speaks to the Japanese. 249 00:18:38,600 --> 00:18:42,840 Its weeping willows are a tribute to 1914 infantrymen. 250 00:18:43,000 --> 00:18:46,800 Here we are perhaps in the most reverential room. 251 00:18:46,960 --> 00:18:48,520 The first is the Gardens. 252 00:18:48,680 --> 00:18:54,640 This is a totally abstract work of complete spirituality. 253 00:18:54,800 --> 00:18:59,800 Now I suggest that we go down to the floor below here in the Orangerie 254 00:18:59,960 --> 00:19:02,600 to take a look at the Walter-Guillaume collection. 255 00:19:02,760 --> 00:19:04,280 Come and take a look. 256 00:19:17,560 --> 00:19:23,080 André Malraux spoke with Domenica Walter-Guillaume 257 00:19:23,240 --> 00:19:27,440 as she'd been married to this great collector and dealer, Paul Guillaume, 258 00:19:27,600 --> 00:19:32,040 and, as a beneficiary of quite a considerable collection 259 00:19:32,200 --> 00:19:33,800 of over 140 works of art, 260 00:19:33,960 --> 00:19:36,120 she sells it to the French Government, 261 00:19:36,280 --> 00:19:38,800 insisting that the collection mustn't get lost. 262 00:19:38,960 --> 00:19:40,800 MRS WALTER, THE 60 BILLION DOLLAR WOMAN 263 00:19:40,960 --> 00:19:43,600 She accepted the proposition that was made to her, 264 00:19:43,760 --> 00:19:48,360 to hang the collection above Claude Monet's Water Lilies. 265 00:19:55,760 --> 00:20:02,200 Paul Guillaume will become fascinated by African masks and statuettes 266 00:20:02,360 --> 00:20:07,440 and, just before World War I, he'll soon go on to open a gallery 267 00:20:07,600 --> 00:20:11,160 where he'll display and raise the profile of African art. 268 00:20:11,320 --> 00:20:15,840 Thanks to this African art, the gallery will go on to attract 269 00:20:16,000 --> 00:20:18,720 even more art lovers and collectors, 270 00:20:18,880 --> 00:20:22,320 and he'll be put in touch with Picasso and Matisse, 271 00:20:22,480 --> 00:20:25,440 who'll go on to be among the great innovators of African art 272 00:20:25,600 --> 00:20:28,040 and integrate his work into their collection. 273 00:20:32,080 --> 00:20:36,360 Sometimes dealers and artists swap things: 274 00:20:36,520 --> 00:20:38,880 A painting in exchange for a mask. 275 00:20:39,040 --> 00:20:42,000 This will gradually allow Paul Guillaume 276 00:20:42,160 --> 00:20:47,800 to suggest that his clients also find modern art, 277 00:20:47,960 --> 00:20:51,800 sculptures by Modigliani and Picasso 278 00:20:51,960 --> 00:20:55,280 and lots of paintings and African art. 279 00:21:09,640 --> 00:21:13,720 Paul Guillaume and Domenica will soon have reasonable incomes 280 00:21:13,880 --> 00:21:16,320 and be living in the most elegant areas of Paris. \N \N 281 00:21:16,480 --> 00:21:18,000 NATIONAL MUSEUM SPEAKER \N \N 282 00:21:18,160 --> 00:21:21,360 They'll go on to have several apartments that will often feature \N \N 283 00:21:21,520 --> 00:21:24,040 in reports, journals and magazines of the time. 284 00:21:24,200 --> 00:21:26,960 Thanks to these photos, we've been able to recreate 285 00:21:27,120 --> 00:21:30,520 how Paul Guillaume displayed his collection. 286 00:21:40,600 --> 00:21:46,200 He won't hesitate to hang a Cézanne next to a Picasso or a Modigliani, 287 00:21:46,360 --> 00:21:49,080 showing links that transcend time 288 00:21:49,240 --> 00:21:55,680 between artists from different eras. 289 00:22:29,320 --> 00:22:33,200 Ladies and gents, let me introduce you to Marc Gaillard. 290 00:22:33,360 --> 00:22:37,120 Marc is a journalist, writer and Paris historian. 291 00:22:37,280 --> 00:22:40,480 We're going to discuss the great moments of the Tuileries Garden. 292 00:22:40,640 --> 00:22:43,960 We'll start with a question: Why is it called "Tuileries Garden"? 293 00:22:44,120 --> 00:22:48,840 Because for a long time, tiles and bricks were made here. 294 00:22:49,000 --> 00:22:50,960 It was wasteland for a long time. 295 00:22:51,120 --> 00:22:52,520 We're outside Paris. 296 00:22:52,680 --> 00:22:55,760 We're within Charles V's walls. There's nobody here but tile makers. 297 00:22:55,920 --> 00:23:00,360 A few dozen meters from here, just after the French Revolution, 298 00:23:00,520 --> 00:23:04,280 a café called Café Very was opened. 299 00:23:04,440 --> 00:23:09,200 It was the hip place to be seen after the Revolution. 300 00:23:09,360 --> 00:23:11,760 That's the right term. It's the hip place. 301 00:23:11,920 --> 00:23:16,760 Café Very is patronized by intellectuals, poets, writers 302 00:23:16,920 --> 00:23:20,200 and swells known as "Incredibles" and "Fabulous Divas." \N \N \N 303 00:23:20,360 --> 00:23:21,320 HISTORIAN 304 00:23:21,480 --> 00:23:24,360 Were they punks or dandies? Who are they? 305 00:23:24,520 --> 00:23:30,040 They're a small minority of elegant, rich and extravagant people, 306 00:23:30,200 --> 00:23:33,640 who dress incredibly, wearing shoes from the Middle Ages, 307 00:23:33,800 --> 00:23:38,720 hats from another era, suits inspired by Louis XV's army, etc. 308 00:23:38,880 --> 00:23:41,800 Genuine fancy dress for the men. 309 00:23:41,960 --> 00:23:45,200 The women play around with flowing styles, 310 00:23:45,360 --> 00:23:48,840 wearing transparent silk, if you please. 311 00:23:49,000 --> 00:23:52,720 We don't know the cost, but they have extraordinary hats. 312 00:23:52,880 --> 00:23:57,320 I heard that the Incredibles refused to pronounce the letter "r" 313 00:23:57,480 --> 00:24:00,840 as it stood for "Revolution." So, they were the "Incedibles." 314 00:24:01,000 --> 00:24:07,280 It was the first letter of "Revolution" and it hurt to say it. 315 00:24:07,440 --> 00:24:10,480 It's hard to pronounce. 316 00:24:10,640 --> 00:24:13,560 Who came to this famous Café Very in the Tuileries? 317 00:24:13,720 --> 00:24:17,080 Intellectuals of the time, artists, writers. 318 00:24:17,240 --> 00:24:19,560 Stendhal? - Yes, and theater folk. 319 00:24:19,720 --> 00:24:23,760 You'd have to visit the whole of the romantic world 320 00:24:23,920 --> 00:24:26,400 to find someone who didn't come here. 321 00:24:26,560 --> 00:24:30,760 The Second Empire will turn the Tuileries Palace and Garden 322 00:24:30,920 --> 00:24:34,320 into a place of authority and celebration. 323 00:24:34,480 --> 00:24:38,840 Yes, it's the first time that the authorities have resided here. 324 00:24:39,000 --> 00:24:41,640 Since Louis XIV, the Tuileries has been forgotten. 325 00:24:41,800 --> 00:24:44,480 When Louis Napoléon becomes Napoléon III, 326 00:24:44,640 --> 00:24:47,640 he leaves the Elysée and he'll go on to invade the Palace, 327 00:24:47,800 --> 00:24:50,800 which will go on to become an incredible scene of celebration 328 00:24:50,960 --> 00:24:56,200 and then comes the May 1871 disaster, 329 00:24:56,360 --> 00:24:59,640 when the Commune will set fire to Paris. 330 00:24:59,800 --> 00:25:02,640 The Commune will burn down 225 buildings. 331 00:25:02,800 --> 00:25:04,200 225 buildings? - Yes. 332 00:25:04,360 --> 00:25:07,560 Almost all the public buildings. All the town halls, ministries, 333 00:25:07,720 --> 00:25:09,600 including the Tuileries Palace. 334 00:25:09,760 --> 00:25:13,240 The 1900 Paris Exposition is a success 335 00:25:13,400 --> 00:25:16,640 and the Tuileries will take part in it, 336 00:25:16,800 --> 00:25:21,040 notably with the incredible Banquet of the Mayors. 337 00:25:21,200 --> 00:25:24,000 It took place at the end of the Exposition in September. 338 00:25:24,160 --> 00:25:28,880 The Government decides to do something that people will remember 339 00:25:29,040 --> 00:25:34,080 in inviting all of the French mayors to Paris and the Tuileries. 340 00:25:34,240 --> 00:25:36,680 All 50,000 of them don't make it. 341 00:25:36,840 --> 00:25:39,920 Even so, something like 23,000 of them attend. 342 00:25:40,080 --> 00:25:43,880 They're offered a gigantic buffet in marquees. 343 00:25:44,040 --> 00:25:50,600 The Burgundy mayors protested because Bordeaux was being served. 344 00:25:50,760 --> 00:25:55,120 There were so many bottles that you wondered what they weren't serving. 345 00:25:55,280 --> 00:25:59,600 Thank you for setting the scene of the great milestones of history. 346 00:25:59,760 --> 00:26:02,400 Just a few milestones. - Thanks. 347 00:26:14,960 --> 00:26:19,400 Now you know that the Tuileries is part of French history. 348 00:26:19,560 --> 00:26:23,400 The complainers and moaners among you could still lament 349 00:26:23,560 --> 00:26:26,800 that this Palace has been gone for around 140 years, 350 00:26:26,960 --> 00:26:33,200 but, for some years, a society has been trying to make the authorities aware 351 00:26:33,360 --> 00:26:36,960 of the reconstruction of the Tuileries Palace. 352 00:26:37,120 --> 00:26:42,680 This proves how much the Tuileries is part of our history 353 00:26:42,840 --> 00:26:47,080 and how ingrained it is in the French imagination. 354 00:26:47,240 --> 00:26:48,440 Have a good week. 355 00:26:48,600 --> 00:26:54,240 You can find us on our website, www.france3.fr. \N \N 356 00:26:54,400 --> 00:26:55,320 Goodbye. 357 00:27:12,920 --> 00:27:15,920 Subtitles: Babel Subtitling - babelSUB.be